home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Unique_ID{BRK03690}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Dystrophy, Myotonic}
- $Subject{Dystrophy Myotonic Steinert Disease Curschmann-Batten-Steinert
- Syndrome Myotonia Atrophica Klinefelter Syndrome Myotonia Congenita Thomsen's
- Disease Turner's Syndrome Noonan's Syndrome}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1988, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 357:
- Dystrophy, Myotonic
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Myotonic Dystrophy) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Steinert Disease
- Curschmann-Batten-Steinert Syndrome
- Myotonia Atrophica
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Klinefelter Syndrome
- Myotonia Congenita, also known as Thomsen's Disease
- Turner's Syndrome
- Noonan's Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Myotonic Dystrophy is an inherited disorder involving the muscles,
- vision, and endocrine glands. It can cause mental deficiency and loss of
- hair. Onset of this rare disorder commonly occurs during young adulthood.
- However, it can occur at any age and is extremely variable in degree of
- severity.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Myotonic Dystrophy usually begins during young adulthood and is marked
- initially by an inability to relax muscles after contraction. Loss of
- muscle strength, mental deficiency, cataracts, reduction of testicular
- function, and frontal baldness are also symptomatic of this disorder.
- Tripping, falling, difficulty in moving the neck, lack of facial expression
- and a nasal sounding voice are among many symptoms that can result from
- selective muscle involvement.
-
- Following is a list of symptoms that may occur as a result of selective
- muscle involvement:
-
- 1) Drooping eyelids
- 2) Furrowed forehead
- 3) Tipping the head when attempting to see straight
- 4) Inability to let go after shaking hands
- 5) Lack of ability to relax muscles after tensing (particularly in the
- forearms)
- 6) Weakness of fingers and thumb
- 7) Muscular atrophy (particularly in the head and neck area)
- 8) Weakness of the lifting muscles
- 9) Weakness of the tongue
- 10) Weakness of the arm and leg muscles
-
- Testicular atrophy, impotence, possibly development of enlarged male
- breasts (gynecomastia), and some features of Klinefelter Syndrome are also
- symptomatic of Myotonic Dystrophy in males. (For more information, choose
- "Klinefelter" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Causes
-
- Myotonic Dystrophy is inherited as a dominant trait with incomplete
- penetrance. (Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the
- product of the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from
- the father and one from the mother. In dominant disorders, a single copy of
- the disease gene (received from either the mother or father) will be
- expressed "dominating" the normal gene and resulting in appearance of the
- disease. The risk of transmitting the disorder from affected parent to
- offspring is 50% for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting
- child.) Incomplete penetrance of a gene means that all characteristics of a
- particular trait may not be manifested in all those who inherit the defective
- gene.
-
- Scientists recently isolated a gene on chromosome 19 that they believe
- is responsible for Myotonic Dystrophy. A method using genetic markers called
- "fragment polymorphisms" has been developed to predict with 90% certainty
- which individuals are at risk for developing Myotonic Dystrophy.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Myotonic Dystrophy is a rare disorder that affects males and females in equal
- numbers. Onset usually occurs in children or young adults.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Klinefelter Syndrome, which is characterized by the presence of one or more
- extra X-chromosomes, is the most frequent cause of primary hypogonadism.
- Hypogonadism is a condition in which abnormally decreased functional activity
- of the gonads can result in retardation of growth and sexual development.
- Klinefelter Syndrome becomes evident only after puberty with evidence of
- infertility and/or testicular deficiency (eunuchoidism) of varying degrees.
- Abnormally large mammary glands can occur in this disorder.
-
- Myotonia Congenita or Thomsen's Disease is a rare inherited disorder that
- begins early in life and involves the entire muscle system. Difficulty in
- initiating movement combined with slowness of relaxation are the chief
- symptoms. Muscle stiffness of the entire body may also occur with this
- generally nonprogressive disorder. (For more information, choose "Thomsen"
- as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Turner's Syndrome is a genetic disorder affecting females which is
- characterized by lack of sexual development, small stature, possible mental
- retardation, a webbed neck, heart defects, and various other congenital
- abnormalities. Individuals have an XO karotype; i.e., they have neither the
- second X chromosome that characterizes females nor the Y chromosome of males.
- They have a female appearance. (For more information on this disorder,
- choose "Turner" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Noonan's Syndrome is related to Turner's Syndrome, but it affects males
- exclusively.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- The muscle weakness caused by Myotonic Dystrophy does not seem to respond to
- physical therapy, but active and passive exercises may still be helpful.
- Agencies which provide services to handicapped people and their families may
- be of benefit. Genetic counseling can be useful for families with this
- disorder. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Treatment with anti-arrythmic and anti-convulsant drugs may be of
- therapeutic benefit, but cannot halt the progress of this disorder. Careful
- administration of these drugs is essential to obtain results without
- excessive side effects.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- At the present time, a study is being conducted on the effectiveness of the
- drugs tocainide (Xylotocan) and nifedipine as treatments for Myotonic
- Dystrophy. Selenium and Vitamin E are also being tested and may be helpful
- in increasing muscle strength and improvement of some other symptoms of this
- disorder. Overdoses of selenium and Vitamin E can be harmful (toxic), so
- treatment must be carefully monitored by a physician.
-
- Researchers announced in the February 8, 1990 issue of the journal
- "Science" that they believe the gene for Myotonic Dystrophy is on chromosome
- 19. More research is necessary to determine whether a genetic test can be
- developed as a result of this research.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- April 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Myotonic Dystrophy, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Muscular Dystrophy Association, National Office
- 3300 E. Sunrise Dr.
- Tucson, AZ 85718
- (602) 529-2000
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
- Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- SELENIUM THERAPY OF MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY: G. Orndahl, et. al.; Acta Med Scand,
- (1983, issue 213(3)). Pp. 237-239.
-
- THE PROBLEM OF DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY OF MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY: F.
- Reisecker; Wien Med Wochenschr (June 30, 1983, issue 133(12)). Pp. 319-321.
-
- NIFEDIPINE IN THE TREATMENT OF MYOTONIA IN MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY. R. Grant, et
- al.; J NEUROL NEUROSURG PSYCHIATRY (February 1987, issue 50(2)). Pp. 199-206.
-
- MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY TREATED WITH SELENIUM AND VITAMIN E. G. orndahl, et
- al.; ACTA MED SCAN (1986, issue 219 (4)). Pp. 407-414.
-
- ANTIMYOTONIC THERAPY WITH TOCAINIDE UNDER ECG CONTROL IN THE MYOTINIC
- DYSTROPHY OF CURSCHMANN-STEINERT. U. Mielke, et al.; J NEUROL (1985, issue
- 232 (5)). Pp. 271-274.
-
-